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0, L. BUGKINGHAM, J. GARDAM an E. GERMANN.

PBRFORATOR. a y A Patented Sept. 29,1896.

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w Nonms PETERS co., moroum.. wur-matou n c (Ne Model.)

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PERPORATOR. Y

Patented Sept. 29,1896. l

(No Model.) l 15 Sheets-Sheet 3. C. L. BUCKINGHAM, J. GARDAM & E. GERMANN.

PBRFORATOR.

No. 568,516.. Patented Sept. 29, 189

t lmmW (No Model.) *l 16 Sheets-Sheet 4.

G. L. BGKINGHAM, J. GARDM &; E. GERMNN. PERPORATOR.

No. 666,616. Patented sept. 29,1896.

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l (No Mqdl.) 1s sheets-sheet s; C. L. BUCKINGHAM, J. GARDAM 81; E. GERMANN. PBRPORATOR.

No. 568,516. Patentedvse'pt. 29, 1896.

WITNESSES; INVENTORS;

15 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

C. L. BUCKINGHAM, J. GARDAM 8v E. GER'MANN.

j PERFQRATOR. No. 568,516.

Patented Sept. Z9, 1896.

Charles Z acz'lzy/zaf/z,

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INVENTORS:

WITNESSES:

cams PETERS co.. PHoTouTNa. wAsmNm'o n c (No M6661.) 16 sheets-sheet '1. C. L. BUCKINGHAM, J. GRDAM 81; B. GERMANN.

PERFORATOR.

No. 566,616. Patented Sept. 29, 1696 .lllllUli WITNESSES (No Model.) v v l 15 Sheets-Sheet 10. C. L. BUCKINGHAM, J. GARDAM 8v E. GERMANN.

PERFORATOR.

No. 568,516. Patented Sept. 29, 1896.l

V15 Sheets-Sheet 11. C. L. -BUCKINGHAIVL J. GARD-AM 8v E. GBRMANN.

(No Model.)

PBRPORAIOR.

. Patented Sept. 29, 1896.

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PBRFORATOR.

Patented'Sept. 29,1896.

WITNESSES: 5M /f/af. KM.

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(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet `13. C. L. BUCKINGHAM, J. G'ARIDAMl 8v E. GBRMANN.

PERPORATOR.

' Patented Sept.v '29, 1896.

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(No Model.) 15 sheets-sheet 14. CHL'. BUCKINGHAM, J. GARDAM & E. GBRMANN.

" PERFORTR- No. 568,516. Patented Sept. 29, 1896.

1' E Nohms PUERS 60.,.PNoTo-umo., WASHINUTONJD. c.

(No Model.) i i f; 15 Sheets-Sheet 15.v

C. L. BUGKINGHAM, J. GARDAM & BGBRMANN.

' PERPORATOR. No. 568,516. y Patented Sept. 29,1896.

L-llllilllllll y Y I WITNESSES: INVENTORS:

./ ,Q/ V Josep/z Garda/1L.

msnonms PETERS on. Pnoc Lrmo., wAsHmnTan n a Frison.,

CHARLES L. BUOKINGHAM, OF NEWr YORK, AND JOSEPH GARDAM AND EMIL GERMANN, OF BROOKLYN, NEV YORK; SAID GARDAM AND GERMANN ASSIGNORS TO SAID BUOKINGIIAM.

PERFORATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 568,516, dated September 29, 1896.

Application led May 1l, 1896i Serial No. 591,075. (No model.)

To all whom, t may concern: 4

Be it known that we, CHARLES L. BUCKING- HAM, residing at New York, in the county of New York, and JOSEPH GARDAM and EMIL GERMANN,residing at Brook1yn,in the county of Kings, State of New York, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and usefullmprovements in Perforators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to perforatin g `apparatus designed to perforate paper or other material by means of a series of punches operated in different combinations orY numbers to perforate the material with groups of holes which are different in number or are differently disposed with relation to one another in the different groups.

The apparatus of the present invention is primarily designed for use in perforating al strip of paper adapted to be used in a Wheatstone or other telegraph -transmitter with groups of perforations, each group of which represents a letter of the alphabet or other character, but the apparatus may be used for other purposes.

The invention is shown as carried out in a machine provided with two gangs or rows of punches organized to perforate the material in two rows of perforations, that being the arrangement of perforations suitable for a telegraph-transmitter of the Wheatstone type, though in the following description the order of arrangement of the perforations in the two rows with relation to one another is herein shown as somewhat varied to adapt the strip for use in sending electric pulses different in order or arrangement from that used in the W heatstone alphabet. A.

The general object of the invention is to provide an efiicient and rapidly-operating machine in which the act-ion is controlled by a series of selecting keys or levers one for each different group or order of perforations to be produced in the blank strip, each key operating as a selecting device to determine which of the punches shall be operated. Such punch controlling or selecting devices may be electrical in their nature'when the punches are actuated b y a magnetic power, or may bc in the nature of mechanical coupling appliances when the punches are operated by a suitable mechanical power. The present invention will, however, be described as carried out in connection with punch-controllin g devices consisting of circuit changers or controllers which control the circuits of punchactuating magnets.

The invention consists, first, in the combination of a series of punches and actuating .controlled by the keys for setting different ones of said devices into operative position according to the length of the group of perforations produced by the depression of each kev.

In carrying out this invention it is preferable to use electromagnets for actuating the punches and to control their action by a series of circuit-controllers which are selected by the keys according to the character of the group or series of perforations to be produced. It is also preferable to control or set the individual pins or devices which determine the extent of feed by electromagnets, one for each device, the circuits of said magnets being closed by the keys or otherwise on the operation of the pii'nches. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the use of electromagnets, as the punches might be actuated by other power, whose action upon the punches could be controlled by the keys by other means-Fin vthe nature, for instance, of mechanical coupling appliances; also, that the feed-determining devices might be set by other appliances than electromagnets governed by the punch-controlling keys.

The invention consists, further, in the cornbination, with the series of punch-actuating devices whose action is controlled by a series of selecting-keys, of a series of variable-feed devices adapted to be set by said keys when depressed for the purpose of actuating the punches, and to thereby put the feed appara- IOO tus in condition to predetermine the extent of feed, and means for releasing the feed apparatus when the punches are withdrawn from the work. The releasing devices may be either electromagnetic or mechanical and may be directly controlled by or connected with the punches or may be operated or controlled by some other part of the mechanism whose action is associated with that of the punches as the latter are withdrawn from the work. Preferably the releasing device is operated by an electromagnet and a circuitcontroller for said magnet.

This invention relates also to an escapement-wheel of novel principle designed for use where it is desired to produce a feed movement differing in extent for different operations of the mechanism. This part of the invention is especially useful for perforating apparatus in which groups of perforations are produced in succession in a strip or sheet of paper and the groups differ in extent, so that the paper has to be fed different distances.

The invention consists, essentially, of an escapement-wheel the stop teeth or pins of which are capable of being set into and out of position for engagement with a suitable stop.

The invention consists, further, in the combination of said escapement-wheel with a keyboard-perforator wherein the depression of one of the single keys produces the desired group or sequence of perforations and at the same time sets a pin of the escapement-wheel sufficiently far removed from the stop to permit a feed movement of the desired length to take place as soon as the perforations are made.

The invention consists also in details of construction and combinations of devices hereinafter set forth, and then specified in the claims.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a general plan of the portion of the apparatus containing the perforatin g and paper-feed devices. Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan of a part of the same apparatus with certain moditications and adjuncts that may, however, be omit-ted. Fig. 3 is an enlarged side elevation of the perfor-ating apparatus, the box or frame which supports the operating-magnets and the armature-levers being shown in vertical section. Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the inking device for the marking-wheel. Fig. 5 is a generzdlilan view of the actuatingmagnetsmand rock-shafts. Fig. (i is a vertical section on the line of the stop-pins through the variable-feed escapement-wheel and devices controlling the position of its movable stop teeth or pins. Fig. 7 is a general plan and partial horizontal section showing the two gangs of punches and their operating mechanism. Fig. S is a vertical section through the variable escapement-wheel and its actuating mechanism, showing also the devices which set and release the stop-pins in side elevation. Fig. 9 is an enlarged plan view of said wheel and the operating arms or levers that operate on the stop-pins. Fig. 10 is an enlarged end View of the driving meehanism which operates the paper-reel which takes up the perforated paper. Fig. 11 is a plan showing the spring or frictional connection between said reel and its operating-shaft. Fig. 12 is a detail view illustrating the roller which keeps the paper in engagement with the feed-wheel. Fig. 13 shows a sect-ion of a' perforated strip of paper produced by the action of the apparatus. Fig. 1i is a general side elevation and partial vertical section of the keyboard apparatus which is employed for controlling the mechanism illustrated in the preceding figures. Fig. 15 is a rear elevation of said keyboard apparatus. Fig. 1G is a general plan of the key-levers and the circuit-closers on which said key-levers act selectively. Fig. 17 is a vertical section taken on the line X X of Fig. 1U. Fig. 18 is a plan, looking from beneath the key-levers, and shows the attached devices by which said key-levers select the circuit closers or controllers to be actuated for the purpose of bringing into operation certain ones of the punch-actuating magnets. Fig. 19 is a detail elevation of a part of the type-writer carriage, showing an attachment for locking the typeactuating levers at the end of aline. Fig. 2O is a plan of a modification of the apparatus. Fig. 21 is a side view of the clutch shown in Fig. 20. Fig. 22 is a vertical section through the escapement-wheel, Fig. 20. Fig. is an enlarged plan of the escapement-wheel, showing the escapement-pins setstaggering. Fig. 2% is a plan view of the device for operating the pawl which connects the two ends of the driving-springs together. Fig. 25 is an enlarged side elevation of a portion of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 22. Fig. 2G is a general diagram illustrating the manner of connecting the various magnets and circuitcontrolling appliances therefor.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 13, A is a frame or box within which are supported the operatin gmagnets B, which actuate the punches of the apparatus, and A2 is a top plate supported on said frame and carrying the punches, paperfeed mechanism, and other portions of the apparatus. The punches are arranged in two rows or gangs a a on opposite sides of a guideslot, through which the strip of paper c4 to be perforated is drawn. The paper is fed from a reel c5, and after being perforated is wound upon a reel (1.7, operated by any suitable power, as will be described farther on. The gang of punches a is guided in a box g and the gang a in a box g', arranged at opposite sides'oi" the paper strip, and the two rows or gangs are arranged to work in different planes one above the other, so as to respectively punch holes at opposite sides of a central line in the strip of paper, as indicated in Fig. 13, where the central line is occupied by a line of smaller perforations into which teeth IOO IIO

or pins of the feed-wheel enter. The dieplate for the punches c. is indicated at e' and is fastened to the face of the guide-box g', while the die-plate c for the row ofY punches c is secured at the opposite side of the guideslot to the box or frame g. At their rear ends the punches are engaged by the operating bell-crank levers d, which are mounted in a standard or frame on the plate A2, and are connected with the armature-levers of the operating-magnets B by suitable connectingrods, as clearly shown in Fig. 3, :which rods are attached to arms projecting from rockshafts C, which rock-shafts carry the armatures ZJ for electromagnets B. The punches are retracted by means of stiff springsc2, fastened at one end to fixed yokes b2 on top of the apparatus and at the other end to crossbars connecting the tops of levers b2, pivoted in arms on top of the boxes, as clearly shown in Fig. 3, and connected at their lower ends beneath the pivots by cross rods or bars b4, bearing against the bell-crank levers in a manner to draw them backward away froml Pivoted in the-same brackets the punches. with levers h2 are pairs of levers 5, connected at top and bottom by cross-bars, the lower ones of which latter (indicated at 12) engage with blocks or projections on the punch-bars in a manner to retract the latter. The levers i5 are connected with and actuated by the levers b3 through short springs or links attached to the lower ends of levers v As will be readily seen, the punch-,operating magnets B actuate the punches a-gainst the force of the retracting-springs a2, and the latter serve both to withdraw the punches after operation and at the same time throw back the armature-levers, in which action they may be assisted or not, as desired, by retractors applied to the armatures or the rockshafts. Preferably the armatu-re-levers are so hung as to tend to fallback by gravity. In place of these retracting devices any other suitable means may be employed for retracting the punches after they have been forced through the paper.

The guide-slot for the paper formed by the spaces between the die-plates c e should be just wide enough to easily carry the strip of paper to be perforated. The punch-operating magnets (indicated by the letter B) are preferably arranged in two horizontal plan es, one over the other, and are secured to the inner side of the frame or box A, with poles projecting inwardly for operation upon the armatures l).

The apparatus, as shown, is adapted to operate sixteen punches, though the actuating bell-crank lever cl and magnet for the same, which operate the last punch of one of the gangs, may be omitted where the character of the matter with which the paper is to be perforated does not require at any time a perforation in the position corresponding to that punch. It is evident, however, that a greater or less number of punches may be used, as

desired, according Vvto the complexity in the groups of perforations which it is desired to produce at a single operation of a controlling or selecting key or according to the maximum number of perforations which it is desired to produce in any group.

The rock-shafts C are mounted in suitable frames or standards within the main frame of the apparatus, as clearly indicated.

It is obvious that other means for retracting the punches might be used, and other mechanism might be employed for connecting the magnets with said punches.

Combined with the retracting devices and punch-operating magnets are electromagnets B2 B2, which serve the purpose of assisting the magnets B in overcoming the strain of the retractors c2. These electromagnets have armature-levers connected by rods B3 with the cross bars or arms to which the springs a2 are attached. The electromagnets B are in separate branches of a circuit, so that they may be operated independently of one another. The electromagnets B2 are preferably in a common circuit or return common to all the branches containing magnets vB, so that said magnets B2 will be energized at the same time with magnets B by the current passing through all the branches and magnets B that are at any time operated together. This manner of connection of the magnets B B2 is illustrated in the diagram Fig. 26. By this arrangement the speed of action of the punchactuating apparatus is. very materially increased, since in the work of driving forward the punches the magnets B may operate without material opposition from the retractingsprings c2, while said punches are withdrawn by the springs a2, acting freely or Without opposition, owing to the fact that the magnets B and B2 are all thrown out of action together.

As will be obvious, the assisting magnet or magnets might be connected to the circuits or controlled by the apparatus in any other way proper for bringing them into action simultaneously with the punch-magnets.

To provide for the variable feed rendered necessary by the fact that the groups of perforations may take up spaces of different extent longitudinally in the tape, as indicated in Fig. 13, where six such groups are shown, the following variable-feed escapement device is employed:

In the diagram Fig. 13 the larger holes or perforations are those produced by the punches, while the central row of smaller holes are those by which the paper is engaged for the purpose of controlling its feed. The larger holes, as will be seen, are arranged so that the paper may be used in a Wheatstone transmit-ter to produce electric pulsations of alternately-reversed polarity, some of said pulsations being prolonged. The particular arrangements of perforations shown are adapted for use in the page-printing telegraph system described in United States Patent of Buckingham and Germann, No. 544, 346, dated IOO IIO

IIS'

August 13, 1895. The smaller holes form a rack to receive the teeth of a wheel which carries the paper forwa-rd in the `\Vheatstone transmitter and is in perfect coincidence with the larger holes.

In preparing messages for Nheatstone transmitters itis usual to perforate the paper with the central line of holes uniformly placed part at a time in the operation of passing the paper between punch-heads to produce the larger transmitting-perforations. Our invention consists, essentially, in preparing the strip of paper for Wheatstone trai'lsmission by iirst preparing it withlthe central row of perforations before passing it to the punchheads or devices for feeding it between the same, and in next carrying it through the punch-heads and controlling its feed movement by means of said central row of perforations through feed devices engaging with the same preferablyr both before and after it leaves the punches. By this method and by using suitable uniformly-acting devices to make the central row we are enabled to produce a row of central perforations of greater uniformity than can be produced by the old method, and at the same time to furnish means whereby the feed of the papel' between the punch-heads maybe governed with great uniformity and exaetness. This also permits an exact adjustment of the paper to secure precise alinement of the central row of perforations with the punches which produce the side perferations in the manner to be presently described, thereby securing perfect coincidence of the side and central perforations.

Preferably the paper is prepared with the central row of perforations before being placed upon the reel a5, though such perforations might be produced in the paper on its way from the reel a to the feed-controlling wheel, which is provided with movable stop pins or teeth to constitute the variable eseapement wheel, or may be a separate wheel. For simplicity, however, the movable escapement teeth or pins and the pins which enter the central row of holes in the paper are mounted on the same revolving' structure.

D indicates the paper-feed wheel and variable escapement device, and d2 the teeth or pins thereof, which enter the central line of perforations. In its course from a5 to al the strip passes over two or more guide-rolls a, then around one side or segment of the feedwheel D,bcing pressedinto engagement therewith by a suitable roll d, then around two or more guide-rolls a, one of which ma-y be a sp ri n g-actu ated take-up roll or idler, as shown for taking up the slack oi' the paper between the wheel and punches, through the punchbox and between the punches, over an adjustable roll am, around another segment or side of the feed-wheel, against which it is guided and pressed by a roll di, over guiderolls a, one of which may be aspring-actuated take-up roll for automatically taking up the slack, and onto take-up reel a7. ll y thus running the paper over two sides or segments of the feed-wheel, one before it reaches the punches and the other after it leaves the punches or punch-head, the feeding of the paper along a considerable portion of its length, and when it passes between the punches, is insured at the exact speed or in exact correspondence with the movements of the feedwheel, that is to say, the paper cannot be jerked along or moved within the punch-head or box faster than the feed-wheel is moving. The teeth di project radially from the feedwheel and the paper may be engaged thereby over a segment of said wheel of greater or less length, as desired. rlhe .rolls di may be provided with teeth engaged by pins di, so as to be rotated thereby and in rotating to press the paper strip down over the pins d?, or the teeth of the roll maybe omitted, leaving simply a groove for the teeth d2 to pass.

In the completely-perforated strip, and as indicated in Ilig. 13, it is necessary that the larger holes near the two margins of the paper strip should be in transverse alincment with the central holes, and hence the strip must be presented tothe punches with its central row of smaller holes in exact alinement with the punches themselves. llenee it is desirable to place the feed-wheel as near the egress end of the strip-perforating punchheads as possible and provide an arrangement whereby the length of paper, from the point where it leaves the punch-headsto the point where it is taken up bythe feed-wheels, maybe adjusted to great nicety. rlhis is accomplished by means of the adjustable roller al?, over which the .fillet of paper as it leaves the punch-heads passes. The bearin for this roller may be a slot, as shown in llig. l of the drawings, whereby it may be moved to the left to increase the length of the paper between the feed-wheel and the punch, or to diminish the length and to thereby make the length of paper between the last pair of punches and the point of contact of the feedwheel a distance just equal to a certain number of central-row perforations.

"Wheel D is fastened to a suitable shaft D?, which is mounted on suitable bearin gs on the plate A2 and is 4driven by suitable power communicated through a shaft D, connected with an electric motor or other motor D1. The horizontal shaft D3 of the motor engages with the bevel gear-wheel D", Fig. S, loose on shaft Dit, but connected therewith through a spiral spring D, one end of which is attached t-o the shaft D'2 and the other to a barrel D, fastened to the wheel By means of the motive power the spring DG is kept wound up and imparts a constant torque to the shaft and feed control-wheel l). By using the spring in this, manner the difficulty which would ensue from the inertia of the prime mover itself, if it were attached or connected directly with the wheel I), is avoided. This difficulty would IOO arise from the fact that the paper-feed device moves intermittently, and must start and stop with great prompt-ness.

F indicates the movable teeth or pins of the escapement-wheel. These pins or teeth may be of any desired form and mounted on the wheel in any desired manner, but preferably are so mounted as to move transversely to the plane of the wheel or parallel to its axis of rotation, being for that purpose arranged to slide in two disks or plates forming heads of the wheel, and being held frictionally in t-he position into which they are set or moved by means of spiral springs, as indicated, encircling the teeth or pins.

The wheelD is stopped by means of an abutment or stop f, against which the pins which have been previously set or moved up into the position indicated in Fig. 6 engage.A The wheel is allowed to rotate by moving the pin engaged with said stop down out of the way thereof, so that the wheel may turn until the next pin which has been raised engages with the abutment. The stop-plate f2 limits the downward movement of the pin under the action of .the releasing device, which forces it down to free the wheel.

The stop-pin-setting devices,six in number, are indicated at f3. These consist of arms or dogs operable singly to force a pin up into the position shown in Fig.. 6, where, upon further rotation of the wheel, it will be brought into engagement with the ab utmentf. These set-V ting devices, as will be obvious, provide for six different lengths of feed, that one nearest the abutmentf allowinga feed of a space covered by four of the escapement teeth or pins and that at the extreme left of the range of setting devices f3 being adapted to set a pin which will allow a feed over the space of nine pins. The intermediate setting devices give other lengths of feed, according to the distance of the pins upon which they operate from the abutment f. Before reaching the setting devices f3 the pins pass between two cam-platesj, whereby they are automatically centered. In the operation of this feed-wheel one of the setting devices f3 operates to set a pin to pred etermine the length of the succeeding feed movement, after which the pin previously brought to engagement with the abutment f is disengaged or released by means ofl an arm or dog f5, which drives said pin downward, whereupon the feed-wheel moves the distance predetermined by the previous ac-A tion of the setting device f3.

The releasing arm or dog f5 is arranged as shown in Fig. 9, and is constructed soas to yield laterally, whereby, after releasing the wheel by driving a pin downward, it will not interfere with the movement of the next succeeding pin full up against the abutmentstop j. This provision is necessary, owing to the fact that the dog or arm f5`retains its position shown in full lines until the next succeeding'operation of the punches. Then the next succeeding pin engages the side of the releasing arm or dog f5, the latter will simply be moved sidewise to the position indicated in full lines in Fig. C. Vhen it is raised, it will automatically take its proper position over the pin, as indicated in dotted lines, so that on moving downward it will free the pin and allow the wheel to again rotate. This lateral yielding is conveniently provided for by making the arm or dog f5 thinner, as indicated at]6 in Fig. 9.

The stop-plate f may be mounted on a bracket, as indicated in Fig. 8, and the abutment f upon the bracket or plate in which the upper end of the shaft D2 is mounted. The cam-plates f4 may be similarly mounted and the upper one of them provided with a lateral projection which forms a stop to limit the upward movement of the pins when driven up by the setting devices f3.

The setting devices composed of the arms f3 are operated by means of the electromagnets H, one for each arm, or by similar actuating means governed in their operation by the controlling mechanism which brings the punching devices into action. There being sixsetting-arms f3, six magnets H are provided, and different ones of said magnets -are operated at the time a group of perforations is made, according to the dist-ance on the paper strip covered by said group and the consequent length of feed which it is necessary should take place before a new groupis perforated. If the group of perforations'made covers a space of four central holes, then the magnet connected to the arm at the right-hand end of the set of arms f3, Fig. 6, is actuated, so that aft-er said perforations are effected and the releasing device IOO f5 drives down the stop-pin by which the wheel isheld from rotation said wheel will rotate four spaces of the tape. stance, the group of perforations covers nine spaces, then t-he magnet acting on the arm f3 at the left of the set is actuated, and so on for any intermediate length of feed required before a new group is perforated.

The releasing arm or dog f5 is operated by an electromagnet I or other device, which is brought into operation on the completionof the punching action through connection with some device moving with the punches or associated in movement therewith.

It is preferred to use an electromagnet I for operating the releasing arm or. dog, though it would be within the invention to use other devices connected with or controlled by the apparatus, so as to Colne into action when the punches are withdrawn from the work.

As will be seen, the arms f3 are normally retracted by suitable springs, as indicated, whose power is overcome by the action of magnets H, and ina similar way the arm f5 is operated in one direction by the magnet I and in the other by a suitable lifting-spring.

A circuit closer or controller for bringing magnet I into action when the punches are retracted is shown in Fig. As therein If, for in- Y ITO IZO 

